(EN) ISO 52016-1 (en.needs H&C, internal temp's and loads)
Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads — Part 1: Calculation procedures
Abstract
ISO 52016-1:2017 specifies calculation methods for the assessment of:
a) the (sensible) energy need for heating and cooling, based on hourly or monthly calculations;
b) the latent energy need for (de-)humidification, based on hourly or monthly calculations;
c) the internal temperature, based on hourly calculations;
d) the sensible heating and cooling load, based on hourly calculations;
e) the moisture and latent heat load for (de-)humidification, based on hourly calculations;
f) the design sensible heating or cooling load and design latent heat load using an hourly calculation interval;
g) the conditions of the supply air to provide the necessary humidification and dehumidification.
The calculation methods can be used for residential or non-residential buildings, or a part of it, referred to as "the building" or the "assessed object".
ISO 52016-1:2017 also contains specifications for the assessment of thermal zones in the building or in the part of a building. The calculations are performed per thermal zone. In the calculations, the thermal zones can be assumed to be thermally coupled or not.
The calculation methods have been developed for the calculation of the basic energy loads and needs, without interaction with specific technical building systems, and for the calculation of the system specific energy loads and needs, including the interaction with specific systems. The hourly calculation procedures can also be used as basis for calculations with more extensive system control options.
ISO 52016-1:2017 is applicable to buildings at the design stage, to new buildings after construction and to existing buildings in the use phase.
More details
More details on this document, such as a collection of comments (possible errata) and suggestions for improvement
Links
- Accompanying Technical Report
- Spreadsheet tool
- Spreadsheet tool on solar shading by external obstacles (acc. to (EN) ISO 52016-1, Annex F)
- The page on the case study to explain and demonstrate this standard
- The page on the case study to explain and demonstrate the spreadsheet tool on solar shading by external obstacles
- New!: EN ISO 52016-3: Calculation acc.to EN ISO 52016-1, with adaptive building envelope elements
Frequently Asked Questions
Several countries have many years of good experience with a simple monthly calculation method.
However, a calculation method using hourly time intervals is much better suited to deal with low energy buildings and innovative (dynamic) technologies, while also being better at evaluating indoor environmental quality which is an important aspect in the revised EPBD:2018.
To facilitate and stimulate the change over from monthly to hourly calculations, the new hourly method in EN ISO 52016-1 has been tailored in such a way that it does not require more input data from the user than the monthly method.
Also for the calculation of technical systems with their dependence on operational and climate parameters, an hourly method becomes simpler than a monthly method. A monthly method requires e.g. pre-calculated correction factors, to be derived from hourly considerations, which would have to be defined on a national basis depending on climate and technologies.
Read more at the page on EN ISO 52016-1 which includes also links to recent papers with further explanation on the subject.
2019.07.22
The hourly calculation method can be considered as a simplified dynamic simulation. It is designed to reduce the need for input data to the same level as the monthly calculation method, while keeping the dynamic representation of a zone with its building elements.
Dynamic building simulation tools have more detailed methods in several places, which may differ between the tools. For compliance testing usage it is advantageous to have a prescribed method in place. However, additional standardization work is in preparation (ISO/TC 163/SC 2/WG 15 & CEN/TC 89) to make the hourly calculation method according to EN ISO 52016-1 more flexible without jeopardizing reproducibility and transparency.
In EN ISO 52016-1, clause 7.2 includes already a selection of verification cases, which stems from the ASHRAE 140 Standard, which is dedicated to the validation of simulation tools.
Read more at the page on EN ISO 52016-1 which includes also links to recent papers with further explanation on the subject.
2019.07.22
The "bin method" refers to a procedure where monthly weather data are sorted into discrete groups of weather conditions (bins). Each bin contains the number of hours of occurrence of a particular range of weather condition, during an average month or year. For instance the outdoor air temperature.
The energy performance of a specific element of the building or system is calculated for each bin and the weighted sum for all bins is an estimate of the performance over the total period. See more explanation in the link below.
The bin method is kept only as a tool in (other) EPB standards to calculate specific generation devices like heat pumps and cogeneration units in the context of a monthly calculation method.
An hourly method (already included in the set of EPB standards) is much more flexible to calculate heating or cooling needs and to describe the interaction with and between the various technical systems, for instance because each system has a different time schedule.
Another important limitation of the bin method is that there is no 'memory' between the bins. In case of energy storage systems or in case of heat accumulation in building elements, a bin does not know how much heat was accumulated or released during the previous time interval, because the bins are not sequential in time in contrast with the calculation using a sequence of (e.g. hourly) time intervals.
This limitation is the reason why a bin method is not an option for the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling in a building: the heat accumulation in the building mass typically stretches over several days.
Read more: REHVA Journal article
2019.07.22
Articles
REHVA Journal, Vol. 55, Issue 1, Feb. 2018, Dick van Dijk, EPB standards: Why choose hourly calculation procedures?
REHVA Journal, Vol. 53, Issue 6, Dec. 2016, Dick van Dijk and Marleen Spiekman, EN ISO 52016 and 52017: Calculation of the building's energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and heating and cooling load
REHVA Journal, Vol. 53, Issue 3, May 2016, Dick van Dijk, Marleen Spiekman and Linda Hoes - van Oeffelen, EPB standard EN ISO 52016: Calculation of the building’s energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and heating and cooling load
Short videos
- The EPB Standards Explained - Zoning principles & example for lighting
- Introduction to the associated spreadsheet tool (in preparation)